Hai cercato: Cyclobutanecarboxylic+acid

Fornitore: Biotium

Descrizione: This MAb reacts with a protein of 22 kDa, identified as beta subunit of HCG. It does not cross react with the alpha subunit. HCG is a glycoprotein, which is secreted in large quantities by normal trophoblasts. It is present only in trace amounts in non-pregnant urine and sera but rises sharply during pregnancy. HCG is composed of two non-identical, non-covalently linked polypeptide chains designated as the alpha and beta subunits. The alpha subunit is identical to that of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). hCG MAb detects cells and tumors of trophoblastic origin such as choriocarcinoma. Large cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the lung demonstrate anti-hCG positivity in 90% and 60% of cases respectively. 20% of lung squamous cell carcinomas are positive. hCG expression by non-trophoblastic tumors may indicate aggressive behavior.

Fornitore: Biotium

Descrizione: This MAb is specific to heavy chain of IgA and shows minimal cross-reaction with heavy chains of other immunoglobulins. It is reactive with both IgA1 and IgA2 subclasses of Alpha heavy chain. It reacts with the third constant domain (CH3) of the alpha chain of IgA molecules. Immunoglobulins are four-chain, Y-shaped, monomeric structures comprised of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains held together through inter-chain disulfide bonds. The chains form two domains, the Fab (antigen binding) fragment and the Fc (constant) fragment. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the main protein of the mucosal immune system. It is generated by B-cells in gut-associated lymphoid tissues. Daily production of IgA exceeds that of any of the other immunoglobulins.IgA exists mainly in dimers but can also exist as polymers or as monomers. Dimers and polymers contain a joining (J) chain that can be bound by the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) for transportation of the molecule to mucosal surfaces. The most common feature of plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas is the restricted expression of a single heavy chain class. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is clonal and therefore malignant.

Fornitore: Biotium

Descrizione: Fibronectin is a dimeric glycoprotein of 440 kDa, which is present in cells, extracellular matrix, and blood. It possesses at least four binding sites for collagen, glycosaminoglycans, transglutaminase, and a cell surface receptor. Fibronectin is involved in cell adhesion, tissue organization, and wound healing. This MAb is directed against the peptide core and reacts with both the plasma and cellular forms of fibronectin. It blocks the fibronectin-medicated cell attachment not by disrupting the collagen-fibronectin interaction, but by interfering with the attachment of fibronectin to its receptor on the cell surface.

Fornitore: Biotium

Descrizione: Granulocyte/macrophage - Colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a hematopoietic factor that is produced by activated T-cells, B-cells, mast cells, macrophages, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. In addition to supporting colony formation of granulocyte/macrophage progenitors, GM-CSF is a growth factor for erythroid, megakaryocyte, and eosinophil progenitors.

Fornitore: Biotium

Descrizione: This MAb recognizes a protein of 170 kDa, identified as EGFR. EGFR is type I receptor tyrosine kinase with sequence homology to erbB-1, -2, -3 -4 or HER-1, -2, -3 -4. It binds to Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF), Transforming Growth Factor-a (TGF-a), Heparin-binding EGF (HB-EGF), amphiregulin, βcellulin and epiregulin. EGFR is overexpressed in tumors of breast, brain, bladder, lung, gastric, head & neck, esophagus, cervix, vulva, ovary, and endometrium. It is predominantly present in squamous cell carcinomas.

Fornitore: Biotium

Descrizione: This MAb is specific to c-erbB-2/HER-2 and shows minimal cross-reaction with other members of the family. C-erbB-2/HER-2 is a member of the EGFR family. Receptors of this family are located on the plasma membrane and consist of an extracellular ligand-binding domain that is connected to a large intracellular domain by a single transmembrane sequence. c-erbB-2/HER-2 protein is over-expressed in a variety of carcinomas especially those of breast and ovary.

Fornitore: Biotium

Descrizione: At least five CD1 genes (CD1a, b, c, d, and e) are identified. CD1 proteins have been demonstrated to restrict T cell response to non-peptide lipid and glycolipid antigens and play a role in non-classical antigen presentation. CD1a is a non-polymorphic MHC Class 1 related cell surface glycoprotein, expressed in association with Beta-2 microglobulin. Anti-CD1a labels Langerhans cell histiocytosis (Histiocytosis X), extranodal histiocytic sarcoma, a subset of T-lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia, and interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma of the lymph node. When combined with antibodies against TTF-1 and CD5, anti-CD1a is useful in distinguishing between pulmonary and thymic neoplasms since CD1a is consistently expressed in thymic lymphocytes in both typical and atypical thymomas, but only focally in 1/6 of thymic carcinomas and not in lymphocytes in pulmonary neoplasms. Anti-CD1a is reported to be a new marker for perivascular epithelial cell tumor (PEComa).

Fornitore: Biotium

Descrizione: Estrogen receptors (ER) are members of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. Estrogen receptors, including ER-alpha and ER-beta, contain DNA binding and ligand binding domains and are critically involved in regulating the normal function of reproductive tissues. They are located in the nucleus, though some estrogen receptors associate with the cell surface membrane and can be rapidly activated by exposure of cells to estrogen. ER-alpha and ER-beta are differentially activated by various ligands. Receptor-ligand interactions trigger a cascade of events, including dissociation from heat shock proteins, receptor dimerization, phosphorylation and the association of the hormone activated receptor with specific regulatory elements in target genes. Evidence suggests that ER-alpha and ER-beta may be regulated by distinct mechanisms even though they share many functional characteristics.

Fornitore: Biotium

Descrizione: This MAb recognizes a protein of ~50 kDa which is identified as Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP). It shows no cross-reaction with other intermediate filament proteins. GFAP is specifically found in astroglia. GFAP is a very popular marker for localizing benign astrocyte and neoplastic cells of glial origin in the central nervous system. Antibody to GFAP is useful in differentiating primary gliomas from metastatic lesions in the brain and for documenting astrocytic differentiation in tumors outside the CNS.

Fornitore: Biotium

Descrizione: This antibody recognizes a protein of 55-62 kDa, identified as cyclin B1. In mammals, cyclin B associates with inactive p34cdc2, which facilitates phosphorylation of p34cdc2 at aa 14Thr and 15Tyr. This maintains the inactive state until the end of G2-phase. The inactive cyclin B-p34cdc2 complex continues to accumulate in the cytoplasm until the completion of DNA synthesis, when Cdc25, a specific protein phosphatase, dephosphorylates aa 14Thr and 15Tyr of p34cdc2 rendering the complex active at the G2/M boundary. This mitotic kinase complex remains active until the metaphase/anaphase transition when cyclin B is degraded. This degradation process is ubiquitin-dependent and is necessary for the cell to exit mitosis. So, cyclin B-p34cdc2 plays a critical role in G2 to M transition.

Fornitore: Biotium

Descrizione: Recognizes a protein of 18-35 kDa, identified as CD90 (also known as Thy1). CD90 is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. It may contribute to inhibition of proliferation/differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells and neuron memory formation in the CNS. It consists of a single Ig domain (112 amino acids; 25-35 kDa) inserted into the cell membrane via a GPI anchor. Expressed by hematopoietic stem cells and neurons in all species studied. Its highly expressed in connective tissue and various fibroblast and stromal cell lines, expressed on all thymocytes and peripheral T cells in mice, but in humans expressed only on small % fetal thymocytes, 10-40% of CD34 cells in bone marrow, and <1% of CD3 CD4 lymphocytes in peripheral circulation. It is also expressed by human lymph node HEV endothelium but not other endothelia. Lastly, it is expressed by a limited number of lymphoblastoid and leukemic cell lines.

Fornitore: Biotium

Descrizione: Recognizes a sialoglycoprotein of 27-32 kDa, identified as CD99, or MIC2 gene product, or E2 antigen. MIC2 gene is located in the pseudo-autosomal region of the human X and Y chromosome. MIC2 gene encodes two distinct proteins, which are produced by alternative splicing of the CD99 gene transcript and are identified as bands of 30 and 32 kDa (p30/32).Although its function is not fully understood, CD99 is implicated in various cellular processes including homotypic aggregation of T cells, upregulation of T cell receptor and MHS molecules, apoptosis of immature thymocytes and leukocyte diapedesis.CD99 is expressed on the cell membrane of some lymphocytes, cortical thymocytes, and granulosa cells of the ovary. Most pancreatic islet cells, Sertoli cells of the testis, and some endothelial cells express this antigen. Mature granulocytes express very little or no CD99. MIC2 is strongly expressed on Ewing s sarcoma cells and primitive peripheral neuroectodermal tumors.

Fornitore: Biotium

Descrizione: Creatine kinases (CK) are a large family of isoenzymes that regulate levels of ATP in subcellular compartments, where they provide ATP at sites of fluctuating energy demand by the transfer of phosphates between creatine and adenine nucleotides. CKs provide the energy of phosphate hydrolysis necessary to drive the normal function of many cellular systems. In cells, the cytosolic CK enzymes consist of two subunits, which can be either B (brain type) or M (muscle type). There are three different isoenzymes: CKMM, CKBB and CKMB. This MAb recognizes the CKBB isoenzyme and does not react with the B subunit in CKMB. It shows minimal reactivity with other human serum proteins

Fornitore: Biotium

Descrizione: This antibody recognizes a glycoprotein of 110 kDa, which is identified as CD68. It is important for identifying macrophages in tissue sections. It stains macrophages in a wide variety of human tissues, including Kupffer cells and macrophages in the red pulp of the spleen, in lamina propria of the gut, in lung alveoli, and in bone marrow. It reacts with myeloid precursors and peripheral blood granulocytes. It also reacts with plasmacytoid T cells, which are supposed to be of monocyte/macrophage origin. It shows strong granular cytoplasmic staining of chronic and acute myeloid leukemia and also reacts with rare cases of true histiocytic neoplasia. Lymphomas are negative or show few granules.

Fornitore: Biotium

Descrizione: This antibody recognizes a protein of 54 kDa, which is identified as cyclin A. Its epitope is located amino acids 144-148 of human Cyclin A2. Cyclins are regulatory subunits of the cyclin-dependent kinases (cdk's) and they control transition at different specific phases of the cell cycle. The temporal expression of cyclins is tightly regulated and subsequently plays a critical role in controlling the enzymatic activity of cdk's. These cyclin/cdk complexes are essential for passage through specific stages in the cell cycle. In mammalian somatic cells, cyclin A is required for S-phase and passage through G2-phase. The D and E type cyclins regulate the passage of G1, while cyclin B is a critical regulator of mitosis. Mutation or disruption of normal cyclin A expression causes cells to arrest in G2-phase.

Fornitore: Biotium

Descrizione: Recognizes a protein of 75 kDa, identified as mu heavy chain of human immunoglobulins. It does not cross-react with alpha (IgA), gamma (IgG), epsilon (IgE), or delta (IgD), heavy chains, T-cells, monocytes, granulocytes, or erythrocytes. This MAb is useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The most common feature of these malignancies is the restricted expression of a single heavy chain class. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is clonal and therefore malignant.