Synuclein was originally identified in Torpedo californica as a small neuroprotein that localized to the nuclear envelope of neurons and to presynaptic nerve termini. The human homolog was initially termed NACP, a precursor protein to NAC (Non-Ab Component), because of its prevalence in amyloid plaques in Alzheimer’s patients. Later, NACP was recognized as being alpha-Synuclein (alpha-SYN), a 14kDa protein, belonging to the synuclein family of phosphoproteins that also includes: betalpha-SYNuclein, gammalpha-SYNuclein, and synoretin.
alpha-SYN is recognized as a key component in the development and diagnosis of neurodegenerative synucleinopathic diseases (NSDs), such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. In the past five years, several genetic and post-translational modifications to alpha-SYN have been elucidated that have been linked to its collaboration in the formation of the classical Lewy bodies (LBs) or Lewy neurites that are associated with neurodegeneration. A study that shed more light on the neurogenesis of autorecessive synucleinopathies (ARSs) was the finding that alpha-SYN accumulation can occur due to mutations in the E3 ubiquitin ligase.
ARSs only account for a small percentage of NSD. Thus the illustration that alpha-SYN has a high susceptibility to tyrosine nitration may be the key component in understanding the formation of LBs. Due to the chemical structure of alpha-SYN, tyrosine nitration readily leads to the formation of oligomers via covalent O,O’-dityrosine bonds (cross-linking). Nitrosylated, wild-type, alpha-SYN products thus form SDS-insoluble, heat-stable aggregates in vitro that may account for alpha-SYN inclusions in all forms of NSDs.
- For Immunohistochemistry, Immunoprecipitation, Western Blot
Recognizes human alpha-synuclein. Does not cross-react with mouse alpha-synuclein or recombinant beta- or gamma-synuclein.
Type: Primary
Antigen: SNCA
Clonality: Monoclonal
Clone:
Conjugation:
Epitope:
Host: Rat
Isotype: IgG2a
Reactivity: Human
